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    Einkorn Wheat Easier to Digest, Less Toxic than Durum for Celiacs

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Study shows better digestibility and lower immunogenicity of gliadin proteins in Durum and Einkorn wheat.

    Einkorn Wheat Easier to Digest, Less Toxic than Durum for Celiacs - Image: CC PDM 1.0--USDAgov
    Caption: Image: CC PDM 1.0--USDAgov

    Celiac.com 08/04/2020 - People with celiac disease need to avoid wheat. That includes ancient Einkorn wheat, even though some folks claim it's easier to digest and less toxic than Durum and other wheat strains.

    Recent studies suggested that gliadin proteins from the ancient diploid einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum retained a reduced number of immunogenic peptides for celiac disease patients, and is less toxic than other more recent strains of wheat. Some experiments have shown Einkorn to be more easily digested than hexaploid common wheat. But is it really, and how does it compare in terms of toxicity to people with celiac disease? For people with celiac disease, is there a difference in digestibility and toxicity between Durum and Einkorn Wheat? Researchers say there is. 

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    A team of researchers recently set out to compare the immunological properties of gliadins from two Triticum monococcum cultivars (Hammurabi and Norberto-ID331) with those of a Triticum durum cultivar (Adamello). 

    The research team included Luigia Di Stasio, Stefania Picascia, Renata Auricchio, Serena Vitale, Laura Gazza, Gianluca Picariello, Carmen Gianfrani, and Gianfranco Mamone. They are variously affiliated with the Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; the Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Paediatrics, European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy; the CREA-Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Rome, Italy.

    Their team compared the immunological properties of gliadins from two Einkorn strains of Triticum monococcum (Hammurabi and Norberto-ID331) with a Triticum durum strain, called Adamello. 

    To do so, the team digested the gliadins by duplicating in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, including the brush border membrane peptidases. Competitive ELISA, based on R5 monoclonal antibody, showed that gastrointestinal digestion reduced the immunogenicity of Triticum monococcum gliadins, but had little effect on the toxic potential of Triticum durum gliadins. 

    The team also assessed the immune stimulatory activity by detecting the IFN-γ production in gliadin-reactive T-cell lines taken from the small intestinal mucosa of HLA-DQ2+ celiac disease patients. 

    Notably, gastrointestinal digestion sharply reduced the ability of Einkorn gliadins of both strains to activate T cells, while barely affecting the ability of Triticum durum. The team's results clearly show that digestion barely affects Triticum durum at all, while the Einkorn strains break down substantially, resulting in lower toxicity for celiac disease patients.

    This study does not mean that Einkorn is safe for people with celiac disease to eat, but it does present some interesting possibilities for further study. 

    It would be interesting, for example, to see if Einkorn could be further digested with sourdough cultures, or even enzymes, to render a bread that could be safe for people with celiac disease. The possibilities are intriguing.

    Stay tuned for more on this and related stories. 

    Read more at: Front Nutr. 2020 May 22;7:56.



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    Guest Laura

    Once again, as the stores of wheat go unused and stockpiled in open fields, researchers and scientist ramble about to find a way for celiacs to reenter the grain food market.  

    "Feed the World" used to be the call. Now it's "Feed the Celiacs".

     

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    Guest Avi

    I have tried other ancient wheats such as Emmer, Gaza, Derhalla and Horani.   10 freinds , all off the are Gluten sensitive,  they tried it and reported none of the negative effects that they are used to have after regular wheat.

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    Scott Adams

    For those with gluten sensitivity there may be varieties of wheat that some can tolerate, however, in general, even they should avoid all types of wheat.

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    Guest Thinker

    Posted

    Interesting that some people with gluten sensitivity are saying they can eat these older wheat varieties without complaint.

    I would still be cautious - just because you dont feel any reaction doesnt necessarily mean there is no long term affects.

    Until we get more understanding of how the immune system is reacting to gliadins and ATIs in wheat. The recent research into the TG6 antibody which causes damage to the nervous system is a good example.

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    Wheatwacked

    In the 70's the bread industry switched from potassium iodine to potassium bromide as the conditioner. It is banned in Europe and labeled a carcinogen in California.  That may be why some Americans tolerate European bread better and some heritage wheat companies use bromide free conditioners.

    Open Original Shared Link      The second clinical study instead involved only eight celiac disease patients which were following a gluten-free diet and were asked to eat biscuits made with the ancient wheat T. monococcum for 60 days [84]. Although the study confirmed the toxicity of this variety for patients with celiac disease from a histological and serological point of view, this ancient variety of wheat was clinically well-tolerated, suggesting a potential efficacy in patients suffering from other gluten-related diseases, such as NCGS...When switching to clinical trials, performed on patients and on healthy subjects, all doubts disappear and diets based on ancient or heritage cultivars always showed clear advantages in terms of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

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    jammypotter
    On 10/15/2021 at 9:10 AM, Guest Avi said:

    I have tried other ancient wheats such as Emmer, Gaza, Derhalla and Horani.   10 freinds , all off the are Gluten sensitive,  they tried it and reported none of the negative effects that they are used to have after regular wheat.

    Anyone with experience of celiacs, must know that only by avoiding ingesting all types of grain containing any level of gluten will halt the damaging progression of this serious condition. 

    A good example of gluten free grain is Teff (Eragrostis teff), is a cereal grain from Ethiopia and Eritrea in Africa. It's an ancient grain believed to have been domesticated around 4000 and 1000 BCE. Whole teff grain is a staple grain in Ethiopian diets. Teff is the smallest grain in the world.

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    trents

    "Although the study confirmed the toxicity of this variety for patients with celiac disease from a histological and serological point of view, this ancient variety of wheat was clinically well-tolerated, suggesting a potential efficacy in patients suffering from other gluten-related diseases, such as NCGS..."

    Not for those with celiac disease but for those with NCGS? I am dubious of this and certainly would not recommend to anyone with NCGS to go ahead with heirloom varieties of gluten containing grains. Especially since some gluten disease experts consider NCGS to be a possible precursor to celiac disease.

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  • About Me

    Scott Adams

    Scott Adams was diagnosed with celiac disease in 1994, and, due to the nearly total lack of information available at that time, was forced to become an expert on the disease in order to recover. In 1995 he launched the site that later became Celiac.com to help as many people as possible with celiac disease get diagnosed so they can begin to live happy, healthy gluten-free lives.  He is co-author of the book Cereal Killers, and founder and publisher of the (formerly paper) newsletter Journal of Gluten Sensitivity. In 1998 he founded The Gluten-Free Mall which he sold in 2014. Celiac.com does not sell any products, and is 100% advertiser supported.


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