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    Dr. Rodney Ford M.D.
    Dr. Rodney Ford M.D.

    How Early Can You Diagnose Celiac Disease?

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Journal of Gluten Sensitivity Autumn 2016 Issue

    How Early Can You Diagnose Celiac Disease? -

    Celiac.com 10/12/2016 - How early can you diagnose celiac disease? This is a most challenging question for everyone: children, parents, pediatricians, gastroenterologists and many other health professionals. This is because, like so many other diseases, celiac disease is a progressive condition that slowly creeps up on you. In addition, there is disagreement about what constitutes a definitive diagnosis of celiac disease. What if the small bowel biopsy result is at odds to the blood test results?

    It is my opinion that the fundamental diagnostic requirements for celiac disease remain unresolved. This makes early diagnosis problematic!

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    Do you keep waiting (whilst suffering from symptoms) for classic gut damage to be visible in a bowel biopsy before adopting a gluten-free diet? Or do you recognize the early onset of celiac disease and go gluten-free prior to this gut damage occurring? Will you be accused of "masking" celiac disease if you are an early gluten-free adopter?

    Currently, most guideline protocols require a definitive diagnosis of celiac disease by demonstrating small bowel tissue damage. This is achieved by performing and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, taking a tissue biopsy of the mucous lining of the small bowel, and then showing specific tissue damage (villus atrophy) under the microscope: this is the small bowel biopsy procedure.

    However there is significant controversy about the accuracy and necessity of a small bowel biopsy test. We will have a close look at the difficulties and shortcomings of these tests. But first, let's look at these diagnostic problems in relation to Francesca.

    Meet Francesca who is highly at risk of celiac disease
    So how early could we diagnose Francesca's celiac disease? She has just turned 3-years-old. Her mother has celiac disease, diagnosed over 10 years ago. So mum bought Francesca for my opinion because she had started to have some loose bowel motions (runny poops), although sometimes she did have hard bowel motions, which were difficult to pass. She also had a big distended tummy, was getting more cranky, and a bit more tired. Because of mother's celiac disease, Francesca was already consuming a smaller amount of gluten, although she was eating at least one slice of normal wheat gluten bread each day. Her mother's question was: "Has Francesca now developed celiac disease?" This problem confronts me most days in the Clinic.

    How should I investigate and manage her illness?

    • What blood tests should I request?
    • How do I interpret her results?
    • Should I organize a small bowel biopsy?
    • Do we look for early evidence of gluten problems, or do we wait for end stage celiac damage?
    • Should she go on a gluten-free diet now?
    • Should we be concerned about "masking" celiac disease?

    Francesca's blood tests show:

    1. She does carry the HLA gene DQ2: this makes her a likely candidate for developing celiac disease.
    2. The tissue-damage antibodies were normal: the tTG (tissue Trans-Glutaminase) levels were low normal, but the IgG-DGP (Diamidated Gliadin Peptide) levels were borderline (18 units, with a normal range 0-20). Her EMA (Endomesial Antibody) was negative: the borderline DGP is very suspicious and evidence of early celiac disease.
    3. IgG-AGA (Anti-Gliadin-Antibody) level was moderately raised: showing that she has developed an immune response to gluten.
    4. She has not had an endoscopy: with her tissue damage antibodies at low levels, the likelihood of abnormal tissue histology is very low.

    My opinion
    In my opinion, this child is at extreme risk of developing celiac disease. I would like to see her on a strict gluten zero. However, it is now up to her parents to decide whether they will wait until she actually develops gut damage, or do something now to prevent her getting a serious disease.

    What would you do if she were your child? Well her parents decided to place her gluten-free and they saw a big change for the better in just a few weeks. Her bowels become normal, her energy levels improved and she is now a happy girl.

    So what is her diagnosis? I call her early celiac disease. Others would say she has non-celiac gluten-sensitivity. Some would claim that I am unwarranted to suggest a gluten-free diet until she has a positive biopsy and they accuse me of "masking" celiac disease by treating her symptoms.

    Why let Francesca unnecessarily suffer whilst waiting for her to get progressively sicker until we can get a tissue diagnosis?

    Written in the spirit of cooperation and knowledge sharing. You can read many more patient stories in my book "Gluten-Related Disorder: Sick? Tired? Grumpy?" (Open Original Shared Link).



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    Guest mary k. smith

    Posted

    This is how I feel with my kids. I recognize my pain in them and feel no need to put them through what I went through for so long. Thank you, for making me feel supported in my stance.

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    Guest Erica

    My youngest son was diagnosed at 19 months old with blood tests and endoscope. He had symptoms much earlier and unfortunately took 6 months to diagnose. My middle child was diagnosed shortly after at the age of 10 with DH and celiac disease. He had symptoms for over 6 years but thought it was anxiety, stress and eczema. Thank goodness my youngest present with failure to thrive. This was over 16 years ago.

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    Guest J L

    I love the awareness this article is placing on the fact that we shouldn't suffer waiting for enough damage to get a diagnosis! Both my husband and I were diagnosed with celiac. I have 2 celiac genes and he has one. With this knowledge we made the decision to take out 2 sons gluten free to see if it would help some of their health issues. Within 3 weeks we noticed a drastic difference in both of them. I don't feel the need to get a diagnosis for them or to continue to make them suffer. I hope that we have saved them from some of the damage we both endured.

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    Guest Kristin

    Posted

    I did not like the use of the words "highly" and "extreme" just because her mother has celiac disease. Just because you have the gene does not mean that you will develop the disease.

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    Guest Amy Belcher

    Posted

    I didn't wait for a diagnisis. I have celiac and my husband has gluten intolerance. We were already a gluten-free household, why wait? He won't miss what he never had!

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    Guest Diane

    She is right. My son had to wait and he was diagnosed at 15. His villi was already destroyed. This was found on a biopsy. Don't wait now he's 30 and gluten free diet but on disability. He only weighs 90 lbs. He has little strength and probably will never know what its like to be married and have children. He doesn't have any friends since he is to weak to go out most of the time. I feel bad for him but the doctors wouldn't listen to us when we told them he was having stomach pain when he ate bread products. Stand your ground and demand help. Also they can develop other problems such as immune problems.

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    Guest Amy

    First off, three cheers for such a caring doctor! Another consideration might be how long it can take for damaged tissue to heal after celiac disease has taken hold. By the time I received a diagnosis, my intestines were a wreck. Although subsequent blood tests showed that I was doing an excellent job on my gluten-free diet, I still had considerable damage after a full year. I spent two years on a very strict low FODMAP diet before my bowels were finally back to normal, and am still cautious about consuming more than the smallest amount of FODMAP foods. Why put a child through that?

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    Guest Janis

    My daughter had non-specific but suggestive blood work and not enough intestinal damage to diagnose her as celiac. We were given the option of taking her off gluten (although I believe the doctor would have said it was his recommendation if it wasn't such a gray area) and it is the best move we have made. I think that parents should be encouraged to help make their kids better even without a diagnosis. I think doctors should not be pushed into reaching a diagnosis before suggesting a gluten-free diet. If the diet doesn't help, it definitely won't hurt.

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    Guest Brian

    Great article. Thank you. I was diagnosed 5 years ago and I have a 8 year old son. So far he seems fine. This article makes me feel more informed when talking to doctors in the future.

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    Guest Pam
    She is right. My son had to wait and he was diagnosed at 15. His villi was already destroyed. This was found on a biopsy. Don't wait now he's 30 and gluten free diet but on disability. He only weighs 90 lbs. He has little strength and probably will never know what its like to be married and have children. He doesn't have any friends since he is to weak to go out most of the time. I feel bad for him but the doctors wouldn't listen to us when we told them he was having stomach pain when he ate bread products. Stand your ground and demand help. Also they can develop other problems such as immune problems.

    Diane, if your son is still underweight and and ill after 15 years on a gluten-free diet, I'd suspect either he is still getting gluten in his diet (or from some other source) or some other medical problem is at play here. I hope you'll consider looking into this further. Celiac disease should not be a lifetime disability when it's diagnosed, and ordinarily the damaged gut repairs itself (especially in a teenager). At minimum, have another blood test and possibly a biopsy done. See a dietitian as well as consider what non-dietary sources of gluten he may be exposed to.

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    Guest Susan Kephart

    Posted

    Some authorities are saying we should not eat any grains as they are all from the grass family. I am going to try to do it. I was diagnosed by DNA a year ago and have been gluten-free since. I do not find it especially difficult. It is certainly an easy way to discover if your symptoms will go away. For many who have no symptoms, this would be a choice. People should look at their family history. Celiac or gluten sensitivity shows up in mine from this perspective. Good article. Thanks.

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    Guest Martina

    Posted

    Thank you for this great article! I carry DQ2 and was tested positive for IgG-AGA, but gastroscopies were normal and I therefore don't get the benefits that Celiac disease patients are entitled to in my country. My daughter who turned three last Sunday constantly complains of belly pain. She has a "big distended tummy" and is very cranky. Even her kindergarten friends ask why she is always crying. At kindergarten, the children are served pasta (or pizza) and white bread every day. Last week, I asked my daughter's pediatrician (here in Italy) if she could do the Celiac disease screening, and I was told that it is only done if there are clinical signs of Celiac disease. This was after I had told her all of the above. It is so sad that so many children (and adults) have to suffer because of the "sacredness" of wheat. (Several adult friends who are clearly sensitive to gluten have received the diagnosis of "yeast allergy", instead, and continue to be sick and anemic).

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  • About Me

    Dr. Rodney Ford M.D.

    Dr. Rodney Ford is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist. He was Professor of Pediatrics at the Christchurch School of Medicine. He runs the Children's Gastroenterology and Allergy Clinic in New Zealand. He has written a series of 7 books on gluten. His main theory is that symptoms from gluten reactions arise from brain and nerve damage. His latest book is "The Gluten Syndrome" which encapsulates current ideas and concepts of gluten and the harm that it does.


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