Celiac Disease in Children: Early Signs Parents Should Not Ignore (+Video)

Celiac.com 03/19/2025 - Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects approximately 1 in 100 people worldwide. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine after ingesting gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. For children, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term health complications. Many symptoms of celiac disease in children can be overlooked or mistaken for other conditions, making awareness vital for parents and caregivers. This article explores the early signs of celiac disease in children, why early detection matters, and how parents can advocate for proper testing and diagnosis.

Understanding Celiac Disease in Children

Celiac disease is a genetic condition, meaning it runs in families. If a parent or sibling has the disease, the child has a higher risk of developing it. When a child with celiac disease consumes gluten, their immune system reacts by damaging the villi—tiny, finger-like projections in the small intestine responsible for nutrient absorption. Over time, this can lead to malnutrition, growth delays, and other health issues.

Common Early Signs of Celiac Disease in Children

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Celiac disease manifests in various ways, and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Here are some of the most common early indicators:

1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Many children with celiac disease experience digestive distress, including:

• Chronic diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal bloating and pain
• Frequent gas
• Pale, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea)
• Vomiting, especially after meals containing gluten

2. Growth and Development Issues

Undiagnosed celiac disease can affect a child’s ability to absorb essential nutrients, leading to:

• Failure to thrive (in infants and toddlers)
• Delayed puberty
• Short stature compared to peers
• Weight loss or difficulty gaining weight

3. Behavioral and Emotional Symptoms

Many parents report behavioral changes in children with undiagnosed celiac disease, including:

• Irritability or mood swings
• Fatigue and low energy levels
• Difficulty concentrating (sometimes called "brain fog")
• Anxiety or depression-like symptoms

4. Skin and Dental Issues

Celiac disease can also affect the skin and teeth, leading to:

• Dermatitis herpetiformis (an itchy, blistering skin rash)
• Dental enamel defects, such as discoloration or pitting
• Canker sores in the mouth

5. Neurological and Musculoskeletal Symptoms

Children with celiac disease may develop symptoms affecting the nervous system and muscles, including:

• Headaches or migraines
• Joint or muscle pain
• Poor coordination (ataxia)
• Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy)

Why Early Diagnosis is Essential

Delaying diagnosis can have serious health consequences. If left untreated, celiac disease can lead to:

• Malnutrition: Poor absorption of vitamins and minerals can cause anemia, osteoporosis, and other deficiencies.
• Delayed Growth and Puberty: The inability to absorb nutrients properly can impact overall development.
• Increased Risk of Other Autoimmune Diseases: Celiac disease is linked to conditions such as type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Gastrointestinal Damage: Long-term inflammation can increase the risk of intestinal cancers.

How to Get Your Child Tested for Celiac Disease

If you suspect your child may have celiac disease, consult a pediatrician or gastroenterologist. The diagnostic process typically involves:

• Blood Tests: A tTG-IgA test is the most common screening tool (a total IgA test should also be done), detecting specific antibodies linked to celiac disease, however, when testing children, especially younger children, DGP-IgA and DGP-IgG (Deamidated Gliadin Peptide) tests should also be done. All tests can be done with a single blood draw, provided the doctor orders all of them.
• Genetic Testing: If a child has a family history, genetic testing can determine if they carry the celiac-associated HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genes.
• Intestinal Biopsy: If blood tests suggest celiac disease, an endoscopic biopsy of the small intestine can confirm the diagnosis by checking for damage to the villi.

Managing Celiac Disease in Children

The only treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet. Parents can help their child transition by:

• Reading ingredient labels carefully
• Educating caregivers, teachers, and family members about cross-contamination
• Providing gluten-free alternatives for favorite meals
• Seeking guidance from a registered dietitian specializing in celiac disease

Conclusion

Recognizing the early signs of celiac disease in children can lead to an early diagnosis and prevent long-term health complications. Parents should trust their instincts and advocate for testing if they suspect gluten may be affecting their child’s well-being. With the right dietary changes and support, children with celiac disease can lead healthy, happy lives free from the symptoms and risks of gluten exposure.

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