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    Roy Jamron
    Roy Jamron

    Durum Wheat Peptide Could Lead To Celiac Disease Treatment

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.
    Durum Wheat Peptide Could Lead To Celiac Disease Treatment - Image: CC BY-SA 3.0--Martinarak
    Caption: Image: CC BY-SA 3.0--Martinarak

    Celiac.com 02/10/2008 - Researchers have found a 10mer durum wheat peptide capable of shifting a Th1 gluten-intolerant T cell response to a Th2 gluten-tolerant T cell response in intestinal T cell cultures derived from celiac disease children and incubated with deamidated gliadin peptides.  Durum wheat peptides could potentially treat celiac disease by causing celiac disease associated T cells to react tolerantly to gluten.

    In the study, incubation of the T cell cultures with deamidated gliadin peptides resulted in a significant increase in T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma release.  Simultaneous exposure to duram wheat peptides totally abolished the cell proliferation and cytokine release while maintaining an elevated release of interleukin-10 (IL-10).

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    The workings of the immune system are too complex to discuss here in detail.  Basically when a "pre-helper" CD4-type T cell is presented with an epitope from an antigen (gliadin), the T cell becomes activated and responds to the stimulus by becoming either a type 1 or type 2 helper T cell which in turn releases different subsets of cytokines.  The Th1 path promotes mucosal tissue destruction in celiac disease while the Th2 path initiates proliferation of gluten and tTGase antibodies.  Th1 and Th2 cytokines each have properties which act in a feedback loop to suppress, limit, and regulate each other's cytokine secretions, i.e. Th1 cytokines suppress Th2 cytokine secretion and vice vesa.

    Overactivity of either a Th1 or a Th2 response can result in an autoimmune condition.  Researchers theorize that balancing Th1/Th2 response can ameliorate and control symptoms and disease progression in at least some autoimmune diseases.  Th1 response includes release of the cytokine interferon-gamma which differentiates and activates macrophages.  Th2 response can include the release of IL-10, a cytokine which suppresses inflammation and promotes antigen tolerance.  Various molecules have been demonstrated to shift Th1/Th2 response in various autoimmune disorders.  In the durum wheat study, the presence of the durum wheat peptide in the gliadin peptide incubated celiac intestinal T cell culture increased Th2 IL-10 release and stopped T cell proliferation and Th1 interferon-gamma release.  Hence, this durum wheat peptide may be useful as a celiac disease therapy.  How effective this treatment may be is unknown at this time. 

    Below is an example of sodium benzoate being used to shift Th1 to Th2 response in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis which improved symptoms and disease progression when fed to the mice orally.  This suggests that the durum wheat peptide could potentially treat celiac disease by simply being administered as an oral supplement.  However, if a probiotic bacteria could be genetically engineered to continuously secrete a form of this durum wheat peptide in the gut, this could result in essentially a "cure" for celiac disease if the durum wheat peptide proves effective.

    ----------
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):415-23.
    A 10-residue peptide from durum wheat promotes a shift from a Th1-type response toward a Th2-type response in celiac disease.
    Silano M, Di Benedetto R, Maialetti F, De Vincenzi A, Calcaterra R, Trecca A, De Vincenzi M.
    Division of Food Science, Human Nutrition and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
    http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/87/2/415

    ----------
    J Immunol. 2007 Jul 1;179(1):275-83.
    Sodium benzoate, a food additive and a metabolite of cinnamon, modifies T cells at multiple steps and inhibits adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
    Brahmachari S, Pahan K.
    Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
    http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/179/1/275

    * * *



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    Guest Ruby

    My husband is the victim of Celiac Disease, and I wish more than anything that very soon there will be a cure or at least medication to keep it under control. He is skin on bones now, and I worry about his systems shutting down. Diet helps, but it has never restored his condition. It's not pity, just worry over the fact I could lose my love. Please continue with this vital research. Thank you!

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    Guest Hayat Yazidi

    Posted

    Excellent! Keep up the research please as we all are hoping for any kind of treatment or cure that could help. The worst is that I live in a country where this disease is still not so well known, so forget about gluten free stuff in stores...

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    Guest Mike

    Too technical for my feeble mind to completely understand. The great message is there is ongoing research that is so encouraging. I am fine with being able to manage my disease at home and in the office, but, my job requires frequent meetings which are organized around restaurant meals. Being able to order from the menu at ANY restaurant, once in a while, is something which I would greatly appreciate. Thanks for the research.

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    Guest Jaymea

    Posted

    Great! 'Cause I want pizza, I want donuts, I wanna Big Mac too........but for now I'm eatin' oats, rice, popcorn, veggies, and meat, and I need some vitamin K because my blood's a little drippy.

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    Guest Rach

    YAY! This is so exciting. I definitely have learned how to eat healthier and read labels (being a fitness freak anyway it's important) etc, since being diagnosed just last year after 14 years of agony and confusion.

    But to be able to treat myself just every now and then to a big old greasy slice of pepperoni pizza and an Aussie beer, would be marvelous!

    One in 100 people have the disease... so surprised it hasn't happened sooner!

    Even non-celiacs will benefit from the research.

     

    Keep up the fantastic work! We really appreciate what you are doing for us!

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    Guest monica

    This is very exciting research, but I also read that sodium benzoate can be carcinogenic, and lead to ADHD in children.

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    Guest Yalcin

    So wait a moment. We are going to take medicine which will increase Th2 and decrease TH1? I don't think this is how celiac disease should be treated. Wouldn't increasing TH2 and decreasing TH1 result in allergies?

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    Guest Lori Greenan

    Posted

    Wonderful news! I unknowingly consumed wheat durum in a rice dish and did not react. I Googled, read this article, and now I know why! A less technical version would be nice for those who are not as science-minded as others may be. KEEP POSTING ON THIS RESEARCH ABOUT A POTENTIAL CURE!

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  • About Me

    Roy Jamron

    Roy S. Jamron holds a B.S. in Physics from the University of Michigan and an M.S. in Engineering Applied Science from the University of California at Davis, and independently investigates the latest research on celiac disease and related disorders.


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