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    Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    Gender and Mental Health are Factors in Irritable Bowel Disease-related Symptoms in Celiac Disease

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Celiac.com 05/06/2008 - In the majority of people with celiac disease,strict adherence to a gluten-free diet can result in a quality of lifethat is on par with non-celiacs. Still a small percentage of celiacsseem to suffer from persistent gastrological discomfort in the form ofirritable bowel or irritable-bowel-like symptoms. Very few studies havebeen done on persistent gastrological problems in adults with celiacdisease. Those that have been done rely upon univariate statisticalanalysis in clinical samples at the secondary or tertiary care leveland fail to assess the potential influence of non-celiac diseasespecific factors, which are considered to be a risk factor of irritablebowel syndrome (IBS), such as mental disorders, or gender.

    Ateam of researchers made up of doctors Winfried Hauser, Frauke Musial,Wolfgang Caspary, Jurgen Stein, and Andreas Stallmach set out todetermine rates of irritable bowel syndrome, irritable bowelsyndrome-related symptoms, and consecutive health care-seeking behaviorand their influence upon health-related quality of life (HRQL) and anyconceivable bio-psychosocial factors influencing adult patients withceliac disease. The research team made a medical and socio-demographicsurvey of 1000 adult celiac patients from the German Celiac Society bypost. The medical portion of the survey included bowel history. Theteam also had patients fill out a Short Form Health Survey (SFHS),along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

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    516 ofthe questionnaires came back completed. Respondents were similar ingender ratio and median age from the whole membership directory of theGerman Celiac Society, a group of more than 18,000 people who reportedsuffering from celiac disease at the age of 18. Of these, 213 (41.3%)had a diagnosis of celiac disease that was made by a duodenal biopsy,37 (7.2%) by serological tests (celiac disease-specific antibodies), 34(6.6%) using stool tests for trans-glutaminase antibodies, and 232(45.0%) using intestinal biopsy and serological tests.

    A totalof 446 patients indicated that they had biopsy-proven celiac disease. Of these 446patients, 18 were excluded because they indicated adherence to agluten-free diet for less than 1 year. Sixteen patients were tossed outbecause they reported a major non-adherence to the gluten-free diet. Thus,the study group was confined to 412 patients with self-reportedbiopsy-proven celiac disease who were on a strict gluten-free diet for at least one year. The survey showed that out of these 412 patients that met the criteria, 96 patients, or just over 23% metmodified Rome I criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Of those 96patients, 76 patients, or nearly 80%, made an effort to get help, bothmedical and non-medical, as a result of the bowel symptoms (we’ll callthe patients who sought help "irritable bowel syndrome patients").

    Irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms were shown to drive SFHS scores sharply downward. Mentalhealth disorders, being female, falling off the gluten-free dietall contributed to a greater likelihood of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.

    Theresults of the study seem strengthen the bio-psychosocial model of irritable bowel syndrome, in which biological and psychological factorsare understood to affect the clinical manifestation of celiac disease.Under this model, irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in adults withceliac disease are understood through a combination of clinical andsocio-psychological mechanisms. This model leads doctors to anunderstanding of celiac disease and other gastro-intestinal ailmentsthat goes beyond simple biological or psychological factors alone, andlooks at factors like adverse life events, stress, and hypochondriasisamong others.

    Limited studies indicate that gender differencesin visceral perception, cardio-autonomic responses, gastrointestinalmotility, and brain activation patterns to visceral stimuli are afactor in irritable bowel syndrome. Gender differences in psychosocialfactors have not been fully studied.

    The results of this studyalso support the need for further investigation to determine exactly whatfactors contribute to the bio-psychosocial model of what is called’celiac irritable bowel syndrome.’

    Future psycho-physiologicalstudies in patients with celiac disease and irritable bowel syndromeshould look to determine if psychological discomfort can prolongmucosal inflammation, reduce visceral pain thresholds, or disturb gutmotility.

    In the event that the right psychotherapeutictreatment for irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms and/or mentaldisorder serve to improve reduced HRQOL in adult patients with celiacdisease and irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms, it might benecessary to take a second look at interventional practices.

    So,in a nutshell, this all means that things like mental health, gender,and other non-clinical factors might play a role in irritable bowelsyndrome-like symptoms in people with celiac disease, and that furtherstudy is needed to sort out all of the possibilities and determine ifthere might be better ways to treat celiac disease that will reduce oreliminate irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms.

    Psychosomatic Medicine 69:370 –376 (2007)



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    Guest krista

    Posted

    Many of us have found that other foods are producing IBS. There is no mention of whether the study looked at whether the folks who continued to have IBS symptoms were assessed to find out if perhaps casien or soy might be a factor in the continued discomfort. There is also the assumption among most medical professionals that things that are put onto the skin, such as shampoos and lotions etc. are safe no matter what is in them. How many of the study group were still using gluten containing personal care products?

    Also many of us suffer needlessly because our medications are a gluten source. Many trust pharms and their doctors to know if something is safe and as a result have long standing contamination from items such as supplements, over the counter meds, prescrition meds, wheat germ oils, alcohol and vinager and other items that are thought to be safe that in the reality are not.

    For folks that have neuro impact in the celiac spectrum of disease adherence to a gluten free diet is often not enough to stop the autoimmune process that is inflaming the brain and blood. They need to avoid the items that many of us are taught are 'safe by processing'. Many who continue to have issues will achieve resolution by ferreting out the other items we are forming antibodies to and becoming zero tolerance strict with the gluten-free diet. Something doctors don't seem to think many of us can do.

    IBS is not a diagnosis, it is a symptom. Unfortunately in our pharmadriven society there is too much of a rush to label and not enough time spent looking for the cause of the symptom.

    It is unfortunate that many doctors and researchers seem to ignore that the impact of your body fighting a substance that it considers poison can result in neuro impact. The depression and anxiety are too often a symptom and not a cause. The rush to medicate folks for depression rather than find the physical trigger for it keeps many of us suffering for years.

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    Guest Donnie

    Posted

    People with Celiac may have other food intolerance, and food allergies. They can cause GI problems, if ingested. Doctors usually ignore this fact, and push mind altering drugs on people who don't need them. I have been allergic to corn all of my life, as well as other foods and sulfites. If I accidentally eat any of them, because they are not properly labeled in food products, I get sick. Mind control drugs would not help. Avoidance of the problem food is the only thing that does help. This is not rocket science, but is ignored by doctors.

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    Guest April

    Posted

    Interesting, but no one has proven that the link mentioned in the article is a causative one. It seems almost useless to include 'anxiety' and 'depression' as mental health disorders when they are also common characteristics of people who are sick and have not been diagnosed or helped yet. Has anyone conducted a study yet to find out how often 'anxiety' and 'depression' are present in people with undiagnosed illnesses? Would be hard to construct - but a good contribution to science.

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    Guest Debra

    Posted

    Gluten and/ or lactose intolerance in infants would cause extreme pain and untreated would lead to helpless or dissociative reactions which would lead to parents responding less lovingly and more fearfully. Allergies treated with dulling antihistamines would also lead to maladaptive cognitive functioning and, without sharpness and persistence, it is VERY DIFFICULT to get a doctor to look into intestinal symptoms, fogginess, etc. I shudder to think how many 'mental problems' started out as reactions to abuse and gluten abuses us without visible bruises. Think of the 'shame' of gaseousness and how a child might feel in school. Combine IBS symptoms with periods and having to sit still for 8 hours. I could go on and on. Pain starts the cycle.

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    Guest Margaret

    Posted

    After my daughter went on a gluten-free diet she improved immensely; however within six months she was having stomach problems again. Her pediatrician said it was IBS. We followed the recommendations for this condition, but it was soon apparent this was not helping. Thank God for a Naturopath Doctor who identified other food allergies that were upsetting her intestines (soy, milk, eggs). When these were eliminated, she was a happy gal again.

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    Guest helen

    Posted

    There is legitimacy to the issues raised in this article. I propose inhaled dermatitis or irritable bowel triggered by handling gluten items - I own a restaurant and exposure to large amounts of gluten has sent me home with a stomach ache and skin rash.

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    Guest g harrison

    Posted

    I was almost convinced that I was a hypochondriac until I discovered it was gluten that was causing the multitude of symptoms that had afflicted me for over 25 years. When doctors don't have an answer, they make you feel as though you are inventing the problem. May be they don't listen to females or take them seriously and attribute their continued symptoms of IBS as female traits or manifestations of mental illness instead of recognizing their own biases have led to the demographics of the statistics in the first place. What drug company funded this study?

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    Guest Erin

    Women always lose out. That's why I try not to listen to my male doctors. I'm sick but I'll continue to search for the real answer. I wish men realized we are not inventing these symptoms. Women simply suffer more than men. Thanks for the encouraging article.

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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