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  • Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    Gluten Contamination of French Fries Cooked in Fryers Shared with Wheat Products

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    Cross-contamination of gluten-free foods cooked in fryers shared with wheat products is a real problem for celiacs. Here's the rundown.

    Gluten Contamination of French Fries Cooked in Fryers Shared with Wheat Products - Fresh French Fries! - Minnesota State Fair. Image: CC BY 2.0--scostello22
    Caption: Fresh French Fries! - Minnesota State Fair. Image: CC BY 2.0--scostello22

    Celiac.com 04/18/2023 - The collective wisdom is that people with celiac disease should avoid eating French fries cooked in fryers shared with wheat products. But what's the real story? Is there any science to back up the idea? It turns out, there is. A research team recently assessed gluten levels in French fries that were free of gluten-containing ingredients, but were cooked in shared fryers with wheat-containing foods. Here's the rundown.

    To do so, researchers bought 20 orders of fries from 10 different restaurants and tested them for gluten levels using two different ELISA tests. All the restaurants confirmed that their fryers were used to cook both gluten-free and wheat-containing foods.

    Study Results Showed Gluten Contamination is Common when Gluten-Free Foods are Cooked in Shared Wheat Food Fryers

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    According to the sandwich ELISA test, gluten was found in 9 out of 20 fry orders, ranging from 7 to over 80 ppm gluten. The competitive ELISA test found gluten in 3 out of 20 fry orders, ranging from 14 to over 270 ppm gluten. However, the study also noted that ELISAs may underperform when analyzing for gluten that has been heated.

    The findings suggest that one out of four French fry orders would not be considered gluten-free, which suggests that individuals with celiac disease may risk gluten exposure when eating fried foods cooked in fryers shared with wheat-containing foods. 

    The study emphasizes the importance of informing individuals with celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders about the potential risks of consuming fried foods cooked in shared fryers, and the need for food service establishments to adopt policies to prevent gluten contamination.

    This study is important for people with celiac disease, who must avoid gluten completely to manage their condition, and for whom even trace amounts of gluten can cause harm. The results suggest that many restaurants may not fully understand the risks of cross-contamination when cooking gluten-free foods in shared fryers. 

    Unreliable ELISA Results for Heated Foods

    This study also highlights the limitations of using ELISA tests to detect gluten in heated foods, as the tests may underperform in these situations. This may suggest that the actual gluten levels in the fries could be higher than what was detected in the study. 

    Because of this, people with celiac disease need to be aware of this risk and probably want to avoid French fries, or any other products, cooked in shared fryers.

    More research is probably needed to determine the exact extent and conditions of gluten contamination in shared fryers, and to develop better testing methods to accurately measure gluten levels in heated foods.

    But even in the absence of further data, cross-contamination of gluten-free foods cooked in shared fryers is definitely an issue for people with celiac disease, and those affected should avoid eating any food that is cooked in a fryer that is also used to cook products that contain wheat.

    Here's an article on where people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity can get decent fast food French fries.
     



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    No more doughnuts

    With Celiac disease, people should NOT be eating French fries made with potatoes.  Potatoes are a night shade and they cause inflammation.  Sweet potatoes are "roots" and they are safe. 

    Please also remember that night shade vegetables have LECTINS which will cause flare ups in people with autoimmune disease.  Gluten is just ONE TYPE of lectin.  So, beware.  Stay away from corn, rice, and grains as well.  Look up Dr. Steven Gundry and The Plant Paradox.  He has a list of what to avoid.  I have been following it for 3 years and no flare ups.

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    Scott Adams

    Your statement is far too broad to be reliable, as I've been eating nightshades daily for my entire life, without any issues. Many celiacs don't have issues with nightshades, although some do. Many non-celiacs don't have issues with nightshades, although some do. Please don't make broad, sweeping statements like this because it isn't helpful to people who might believe that they are unsafe for celiacs, when nightshades are actually gluten-free, and safe for the vast majority of celiacs.

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    No more doughnuts
    Just now, Scott Adams said:

    Your statement is far too broad to be reliable, as I've been eating nightshades daily for my entire life, without any issues. Many celiacs don't have issues with nightshades, although some do. Many non-celiacs don't have issues with nightshades, although some do. Please don't make broad, sweeping statements like this because it isn't helpful to people who might believe that they are unsafe for celiacs, when nightshades are actually gluten-free, and safe for the vast majority of celiacs.

    People can try stopping it like I did and if the flare ups stop, then that's a strong clue.  I never said all people should stop.  Stop being so critical of my point here.  I DO have celiac disease and nightshades do cause me horrible flareups.  I have a medical background and 2 degrees.  I am trying to help people figure out what may be harming them.  Go ahead and eat all the potatoes you want and all the nightshades you want.  There are people out there who MAY be eating them and it is doing them harm.  This message is for those people.  I would ask that you no longer send negative comments to me.  

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    Rick Sanchez

    McDonalds fries USED TO BE my one little indulgence that I actually go set down and eat, with other humans. Not have to cook, and not have to worry. A couple years ago, got an order of fries, got sick, glutened. Did my little forensic audit, lol, blamed it on something else. A few day later, got another order. Glutened. Talked to a friend who worked at that McDonalds, they had introduced a breakfast donut stick, and their once dedicated potato fryers were not anymore.  Kinda broke my heart lol.  She told the manager and they hung a sign.  McDonalds website as of a month ago still says they are cooked in dedicated fryers in a statement dated 2017. I contacted them, the letter was still up last time I checked. 

    Sincerely, and with true appreciation for the article, no criticism only adding. It is good to be verified. Science backed or not, what can make a celiac sick is less than what can be detected sometimes.  Highly refined alcohol comes to mind, my own rule of gluten free labeled or not, I won't eat something that has yeast extract on the label. Sick when you shouldn't can be an indication of another problem, and should always be taken into account, whether the secondary is cart or horse, or unrelated to Celiacs. But, science or no, if it makes you sick, don't eat it. If it makes others with the same issues sick.... have caution.

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    Bonnie Kaerie
    43 minutes ago, Rick Sanchez said:

    McDonalds fries USED TO BE my one little indulgence that I actually go set down and eat, with other humans. Not have to cook, and not have to worry. A couple years ago, got an order of fries, got sick, glutened. Did my little forensic audit, lol, blamed it on something else. A few day later, got another order. Glutened. Talked to a friend who worked at that McDonalds, they had introduced a breakfast donut stick, and their once dedicated potato fryers were not anymore.  Kinda broke my heart lol.  She told the manager and they hung a sign.  McDonalds website as of a month ago still says they are cooked in dedicated fryers in a statement dated 2017….….   …………,.    
    my own rule of gluten free labeled or not, I won't eat something that has yeast extract on the label. Sick when you shouldn't can be an indication of another problem, and should always be taken into account, whether the secondary is cart or horse, or unrelated to Celiacs. But, science or no, if it makes you sick, don't eat it. If it makes others with the same issues sick.... have caution.

    That’s awesome advice right there.

    I have a place i like to eat at that has a dedicated vat for fries. I think it’s about the temperature that works best for fries being different than for other foods (not about watching out for CC), because I’ve learned that sometimes their fries are beer-battered. So I can’t have their fries, now, either. 

    i have to watch out for dextrose which is an ingredient in most frozen potatoes you can buy, as well as most sausages. (It’s also in Gatorade, Pedialyte, etc., I found out after a particularly rough experience. Coconut water to the rescue!!)  A friend researched it a little and found dextrose can be made from wheat or corn. So if it says gluten-free and it lists dextrose or maltodextrin, I GUESS they’ve gone with the corn version?  I’ll continue to avoid it until i know for sure.

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    Scott Adams

    It looks like McDonald's French fries are gluten-free!

    This is from their UK site, and in the UK products that used hydrolyzed wheat can be called gluten-free (and this is also true in the USA now as well):

    https://www.mcdonalds.com/gb/en-gb/help/faq/which-of-your-products-are-gluten-free.html 

    Quote

    Several items on our menu are free from ingredients containing gluten. However, due to our kitchen set up, we cannot guarantee that cross-contamination will not occur.

    The items on our menu that are free from ingredients containing gluten include our French Fries, which are cooked in dedicated fryers using a non-hydrogenated vegetable oil; Hash Browns; Fruit Bags; Carrot Sticks and Shaker Side Salad® with Balsamic Dressing; as well as some McFlurry® desserts, such as the Crunchie and Dairy Milk McFlurry®. All of our permanent menu drinks are also free from ingredients containing gluten.

    You can find a full ingredient declaration for all food (including our burgers) served in the U.K. by visiting our online nutritional calculator tool here or downloading our Allergen Booklet here.

     

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    Rick Sanchez
    On 4/20/2023 at 3:27 PM, Scott Adams said:

    It looks like McDonald's French fries are gluten-free!

    This is from their site:

    https://www.mcdonalds.com/gb/en-gb/help/faq/which-of-your-products-are-gluten-free.html 

     

    Hi Scott, When is that statement from? UK may be different, and I used to love McDonalds fries. Here in the States they fry donut sticks in the fryers. Started in 2019/20ish. Not all locations, but the statement I can find is from 2018.  

    Sincerely

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    Guest dappy

    Posted

    We have been warned off of McDonald fires as long as I have had Celiac - maybe 15 years. Their fries have some kind of beef flavor that contains wheat we were warned  So ?????

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    Scott Adams

    For McDonald's  in the USA they don't directly market their products as gluten-free because their beef flavor contains hydrolyzed wheat, this is wheat with the gluten removed. Until recently such an ingredient was not allowed to be labelled "gluten-free" under USA laws, but this changed a couple of years ago, so the USA is now more in line with European labelling laws (this is why you can now buy DiGiorno Gluten-Free pizza made using wheat starch).

    McDonald's has always used the same ingredients, and dedicate fryers, worldwide--all franchises must follow very strict corporate rules. They don't cook donuts or other foods with their French Fries.

    https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/product/small-french-fries.html

    Quote

    Allergen Information

    French Fries

    Ingredients: Potatoes, Vegetable Oil (canola Oil, Corn Oil, Soybean Oil, Hydrogenated Soybean Oil, Natural Beef Flavor [wheat And Milk Derivatives]*), Dextrose, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (maintain Color), Salt. *natural Beef Flavor Contains Hydrolyzed Wheat And Hydrolyzed Milk As Starting Ingredients.

    Contains: Wheat, Milk.

    Again, McDonald's does not claim their fries are gluten-free, but they've never, as far as I know, have tested positive for gluten.

     

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    pixiegirl

    I'm with Scott I eat nightshades with no problems, I've been gluten-free for 25 years and I feel great. I would not however trust McDonalds french fries. I know a lot of places we go we ask if the fries are gluten free and they say "yes." Then we asked if they are fried in a fryer with gluten things and the answer is often yes. I really only trust places that "get it" and have a dedicated fryer. And at least where I live, those places are few and far between.

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    Scott Adams

    I understand why you may avoid McDonald's, but they do use dedicated French fry fryers, and only cook their fries and hash browns in them. They always done this, and it's not to keep things gluten-free, but to avoid bad tasting French fries, which is part of their trademark now--they don't mess with their fries!

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    Rick Sanchez
    12 hours ago, Scott Adams said:

    For McDonald's  in the USA they don't directly market their products as gluten-free because their beef flavor contains hydrolyzed wheat, this is wheat with the gluten removed. Until recently such an ingredient was not allowed to be labelled "gluten-free" under USA laws, but this changed a couple of years ago, so the USA is now more in line with European labelling laws (this is why you can now buy DiGiorno Gluten-Free pizza made using wheat starch).

    McDonald's has always used the same ingredients, and dedicate fryers, worldwide--all franchises must follow very strict corporate rules. They don't cook donuts or other foods with their French Fries.

    https://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en-us/product/small-french-fries.html

    Again, McDonald's does not claim their fries are gluten-free, but they've never, as far as I know, have tested positive for gluten.

     

    Some franchises certainly do have cooked donut sticks in their fryers. I don't go there, so I have no idea if it was promotional or they still do.  But they certainly have in the recent past. 

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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