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  • Jefferson Adams
    Jefferson Adams

    New Map of Oat Genome Offers Rich Insights and Potential Breakthroughs

    Reviewed and edited by a celiac disease expert.

    The mapping of the mosaic oat genome offers insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop.

    New Map of Oat Genome Offers Rich Insights and Potential Breakthroughs - Dry and fresh oatmeal with blueberries in the bowl. Image: CC BY 2.0--wuestenigel
    Caption: Dry and fresh oatmeal with blueberries in the bowl. Image: CC BY 2.0--wuestenigel

    Celiac.com 07/11/2022 - With a low carbon footprint, numerous health and nutritional benefits, oat has attracted attention for its potential to replace animal-based food products. However, efforts to untangle its complex evolutionary history and functional gene dynamics have been slowed by the absence of a fully annotated reference genome.

    Cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) are among the oldest domesticated crops, after wheat, emmer and barley. Thought to have been domesticated more than 3,000 years ago in in Anatolia, in modern day Turkey, after oat plants were discovered growing as weeds in wheat, emmer and barley fields. Avena sativa L. is an allohexaploid, that maps out as AACCDD, 2n = 6x = 42. A team of researchers recently developed a high-quality reference genome of A. sativa and close relatives of its diploid (Avena longiglumis, AA, 2n = 14) and tetraploid (Avena insularis, CCDD, 2n = 4x = 28) progenitors. 

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    The research team included Nadia Kamal, Nikos Tsardakas Renhuldt, Johan Bentzer, Heidrun Gundlach, Georg Haberer, Angéla Juhász, Thomas Lux, Utpal Bose, Jason A. Tye-Din, Daniel Lang, Nico van Gessel, Ralf Reski, Yong-Bi Fu, Peter Spégel, Alf Ceplitis, Axel Himmelbach, Amanda J. Waters, Wubishet A. Bekele, Michelle L. Colgrave, Mats Hansson, Nils Stein, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Eric N. Jellen, Peter J. Maughan, Nicholas A. Tinker, Martin Mascher, Olof Olsson, Manuel Spannagl, and Nick Sirijovski.

    Their team recently revealed the mosaic structure of the oat genome, trace large-scale genomic reorganizations in the polyploidization history of oat and illustrated a breeding barrier connected to the genome structure of oat. 

    Their new paper offers detailed analyses of gene families tied to human health and nutrition, and adds to the body of evidence that supporting non-wheat contaminated oats as safe for celiacs on gluten-free diets. 

    Very importantly, the team's mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency creates a roadmap for potentially creating strains of more water efficient oats and other cereals.

    In addition to improving knowledge of basic oat biology, and helping researchers better explore cereal genomes, the team's mapping resource for the Avena genus of oats will speed up genomics-assisted breeding and reanalysis of quantitative trait studies.

    Read more in Nature volume 606, pages113–119 (2022)
     

    The research team is variously affiliated with the Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; ScanOats Industrial Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; the Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; the Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; the Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; the Department of Microbial Genomics and Bioforensics, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany; the School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; the Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; the Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; the Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; the Plant Breeding, Lantmännen, Svalöv, Sweden; the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany; the Research and Development Division of PepsiCo in St Paul, MN, USA; the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; the Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; the Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; the CropTailor AB, Department of Chemistry, Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.


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    Glutenfied

    I was diagnosed with a serious gluten sensitivity at the age of 50. Even though I cut out foods with wheat, I kept having issues. After some trial and error, I realized I couldn't tolerate oats either (even certified gluten free oats). My gut reacts to oats as if I'd eaten gluten. Same with buckwheat and a few other grains. And most bizarre of all, coffee. Once I figured that out, life has been much more pleasant. Curious, though, why oats and other grains cause a similar reaction?

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    trents
    3 hours ago, Glutenfied said:

    I was diagnosed with a serious gluten sensitivity at the age of 50. Even though I cut out foods with wheat, I kept having issues. After some trial and error, I realized I couldn't tolerate oats either (even certified gluten free oats). My gut reacts to oats as if I'd eaten gluten. Same with buckwheat and a few other grains. And most bizarre of all, coffee. Once I figured that out, life has been much more pleasant. Curious, though, why oats and other grains cause a similar reaction?

    Their proteins may be similar enough to gluten to cause reactions in some celiacs.

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    trents

    "Very importantly, the team's mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency creates a roadmap for potentially creating strains of more water efficient oats and other cereals."

    This scares me as many experts feel this is whey modern day wheat causes problems for celiacs. They kept hybridizing it to make it drought and disease resistant.

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    Glutenfied
    39 minutes ago, trents said:

    "Very importantly, the team's mapping-by-sequencing of an agronomic trait related to water-use efficiency creates a roadmap for potentially creating strains of more water efficient oats and other cereals."

    This scares me as many experts feel this is whey modern day wheat causes problems for celiacs. They kept hybridizing it to make it drought and disease resistant.

    Exactly! I have a friend with a severe allergy to corn. A few years ago he visited with an old friend in Maine who has been growing heirloom corn for years, and he could that corn with zero problems.

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    trents
    22 minutes ago, Glutenfied said:

    Exactly! I have a friend with a severe allergy to corn. A few years ago he visited with an old friend in Maine who has been growing heirloom corn for years, and he could that corn with zero problems.

    Did you leave out "eat" or "grow"? Did your friend have a corn allergy?

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    Glutenfied
    12 minutes ago, trents said:

    Did you leave out "eat" or "grow"? Did your friend have a corn allergy?

    Sorry, "eat"

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  • About Me

    Jefferson Adams

    Jefferson Adams is Celiac.com's senior writer and Digital Content Director. He earned his B.A. and M.F.A. at Arizona State University. His articles, essays, poems, stories and book reviews have appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and websites, including North American Project, Antioch Review, Caliban, Mississippi Review, Slate, and more. He is the author of more than 2,500 articles on celiac disease. His university coursework includes studies in science, scientific methodology, biology, anatomy, physiology, medicine, logic, and advanced research. He previously devised health and medical content for Colgate, Dove, Pfizer, Sharecare, Walgreens, and more. Jefferson has spoken about celiac disease to the media, including an appearance on the KQED radio show Forum, and is the editor of numerous books, including "Cereal Killers" by Scott Adams and Ron Hoggan, Ed.D.

    >VIEW ALL ARTICLES BY JEFFERSON ADAMS

     


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